The pressure that the liquid’s vapor creates on its surface is known as vapour pressure.
At a specific temperature, this pressure forms in a closed container in a thermodynamic equilibrium state.
The equilibrium vapor pressure indicates the rate at which liquid evaporates. The temperature increases with vapour pressure.
The point at which the pressure from the environment and the pressure from the vapor equals one is known as the liquid’s boiling point.
Capillarity, or capillary action, is a phenomena in which a liquid will spontaneously rise or fall in a small cross-sectional area tube-like passageway.
Surface tension, which is brought on by the cohesion of liquid molecules, and adhesive forces between the liquid and the container wall combine to create capillarity.
Heat transfer- Heat transfer is the science which is used to predict heat transfer which may take place between the body as a temperature difference.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THERMODYNAMICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
NOTE- 1) Whenever a temperature difference exists between two medium or in a medium, heat transfer occurs.
2) If there is concentration difference between two medium or in a medium, mass transfer occurs.
The study of fluid flow using numerical techniques and algorithms is the focus of the engineering and physics field known as computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It involves simulating the behavior of fluids, including liquids, gases, and multiphase flows, using mathematical models and computer algorithms.
Numerous phenomena, such as fluid flow in pipes, heat transfer, combustion, turbulence, and aeroacoustics, can be studied using CFD. It is a very interdisciplinary field that uses concepts from computer science, physics, and mathematics.
To solve the equations governing fluid flow, CFD software programs typically combine numerical techniques like finite volume, finite element, and spectral methods. The Navier-Stokes equations and other equations that describe the behavior of particular types of fluids, such as the ideal gas law for compressible flows, are some examples of these equations. They describe how fluid motion changes in response to forces and pressure gradients.
In general, CFD is an effective tool for engineers and scientists to research and resolve fluid flow issues in a variety of applications, from the design of vehicles and aircraft to the study of chemical and biological processes.
NOTE: If there are no voids between the molecules, it is called continuous distribution of mass.
Knudsen Number (Ku) Knudsen number= mean free path/ characteristic length
The distance between two consecutive collision of molecule is called mean free path.
The length in which we are analysing the fluid is called Characteristic length.
Case 1) If Ku< 0.01, we can say there is continuous distribution of mass, it is called no slip condition which means the fluid at boundary has same velocity equal to boundary itself.
Case 2) When 0.01<Ku<10, we can say it is slip flow i.e. if molecule stick to the boundary it has different velocity than the velocity of boundary itself.
FLUID- Any substance which can flow and is unable to resist shear force or a substance which continuously deform under shear force and it can also flow. Example- Liquid, gas etc.
NOTE: 1) SUBSTANCE- Anything which have finite mass, occupies space and can be felt. 2) FLOW- Relative change of position of particle with respect to time.
Fluid have a mass. Fluid does not have any definite shape, it occupies shape of the vessel. Fluid can flow under its own weight.
Mechanics- It is the study of forces and it’s effect.
Fluid mechanics- Study of forces and it’s effect on fluid is called Fluid Mechanics.
Note: 1) Study of fluid at rest is called Fluid Statics. 2) Study of fluid in motion is called Fluid Dynamics.
One of the most diverse engineering fields is mechanical engineering. Engineering mechanics create, develop, construct, and test. They work with anything that moves, including machinery, human bodies, and component parts.
Mechanical Engineering is the field related to tools and machinery, and the use of mechanics in industry.
Mechanical Engineering is the study machines, it’s components, how they work and it’s application.
There are lot of technical Areas where mechanical engineer work. Few of them are design, production, manufacturing, quality etc.
Mechanical Engineering is a brach of engineering which opens lots of options.Some are piping design engineering, Industrial automation etc.
If you have done mechanical engineering from institute like IIT then you get placed in good company with handsome salary.
In one word we can say mechanical engineering is study of machines and it’s applications.
Mechanical engineering mostly consists of physics and mathematics.
Some of the subjects in mechanical engineering are Theory of Machines, Strength of materials,Internal combustion engines etc.
Today we cannot imagine a world without machines.So future scope of mechanical engineering is good. Also now a days electric vehicles are coming in market, there the mechanical engineers can get a job.
Mechsiast